Series · Health & Medicine

Opioids (Mild): Codeine, Tramadol, and Tapentadol

A clinical pharmacology reference on Codeine, Tramadol, and Tapentadol — their legitimate uses, mechanisms, why they are abused, side effects, and Indian scheduling.

10 parts

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All parts

  1. Part 1 Opioids (Mild): Codeine, Tramadol, and Tapentadol A clinical pharmacology reference on Codeine, Tramadol, and Tapentadol — their legitimate uses, mechanisms, why they are abused, side effects, and Indian scheduling.
  2. Part 2 Opioids (Strong): Morphine, Fentanyl, Pethidine, and Buprenorphine A clinical pharmacology reference on the strongest opioid analgesics — their legitimate uses, mechanisms, why they are diverted, side effects, and Indian scheduling.
  3. Part 3 Benzodiazepines: Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, and Clonazepam A clinical pharmacology reference on the most commonly abused benzodiazepines in India — their salt names, mechanisms, side effects, and signs of abuse.
  4. Part 4 Z-Drugs and Sedatives: Zolpidem, Zopiclone, and Nitrazepam A clinical pharmacology reference on non-benzodiazepine hypnotics and older sedatives commonly abused for their trance-like and euphoric effects.
  5. Part 5 Gabapentinoids: Pregabalin and Gabapentin A clinical reference on Pregabalin and Gabapentin, the rapidly emerging class of abused nerve-pain medications, covering their pharmacology and abuse patterns.
  6. Part 6 Stimulants: Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and Amphetamines A clinical pharmacology reference on CNS stimulants used for ADHD and narcolepsy that are commonly abused for cognitive enhancement and euphoria.
  7. Part 7 Dissociatives: Ketamine, Dextromethorphan, and Nitrous Oxide A clinical pharmacology reference on NMDA antagonists diverted for recreational use, covering Ketamine, DXM, and Nitrous Oxide.
  8. Part 8 Anticholinergics and Antihistamines: Promethazine, Diphenhydramine, and Trihexyphenidyl A clinical reference on OTC and prescription drugs abused for their deliriant, sedative, and hallucinogenic effects via anticholinergic mechanisms.
  9. Part 9 Muscle Relaxants and Barbiturates: Carisoprodol, Cyclobenzaprine, and Phenobarbital A clinical reference on older sedatives, muscle relaxants, and barbiturates with significant abuse potential and dangerous withdrawal profiles.
  10. Part 10 Anabolic Steroids and Performance-Enhancing Drugs A clinical reference on Nandrolone, Stanozolol, Testosterone, and hGH — substances diverted from medicine into gyms and athletics for performance enhancement.